Leonardo da Vincis Study of Hands

This beautiful sketch of three hands is in the Royal Library at Windsor Castle exemplifies Leonardo da Vincis intense attention to, even fascination with, anatomical correctness and the effects of light and shadow. At the bottom, one hand is folded underneath another, more developed one, as if resting in a lap. That lightly-sketched hand seems to be the ghost of the top hand, which holds a sprig of some sort of plant–the outline of the thumb is nearly identical. These two highly developed hands are worked up with dark cross-hatchings and white chalk highlights, creating a sense of mass even on a sheet of paper. In each, everything from the muscles of thumb-pads to the wrinkles of skin along the joints of the fingers is depicted with the utmost care. Even when Leonardo lightly sketches the rest of the forearm or the ghost hand, his lines are deft and confident, showing how much he strove to depict the human form correctly. A Preliminary Study? Although the first instance of his studies of anatomy and dissection is not until 1489, in the Windsor manuscript B,  his interest in the subject would no doubt have been bubbling just beneath the surface, and it is certainly evident in this sketch. Leonardo seemed to draw his ideas and notes as they came to him, and in this vein, we also see a lightly sketched head of an old man in the upper left corner; perhaps one of those quick caricatures of a man whose peculiar features struck him as he passed. Many scholars take this sketch as a preliminary study for  The Portrait of a Lady,  who could very possibly be the famous Renaissance beauty Ginevra de Benci, in the National Gallery, Washington, D.C. Although art historian Giorgio  Vasari (1511–1574) tells us that Leonardo did indeed create a portrait of Ginevra—an extremely beautiful painting, he tells us—there is no outright evidence that she is, indeed, a portrait of Ginevra. Additionally, while there is clear evidence that the portrait had been cut down,  there is no further documentation or other drawings that would definitively allow us to say that these hands are hers. Nevertheless, the National Gallery has created a composite image of the sketch and the portrait. Is it Ginevra de Benci? Ginevra de Benci was an important Renaissance figure, and John Walker  of the National Galler has argued convincingly that she is the subject of Leonardos portrait. Born about 1458 into an extremely wealthy and well-connected Florentine family,  Ginevra was a talented poet and friends with the foremost Renaissance patron Lorenzo de Medici (1469–1492). If this is indeed Ginevra, the portrait is further complicated by its patron. While it could have possibly been commissioned in celebration of her marriage to Luigi Niccolini, there is also a possibility that it was commissioned by her possibly platonic lover Bernardo Bembo.  Indeed, no less than three poets, including the aforementioned Lorenzo de Medici himself, wrote of their affair.  There is another sketch dubiously attached to the Ginevra portrait,  Young Woman Seated in a Landscape with a Unicorn, in the Ashmolean Museum; the unicorns presence, like the credo on the verso of the painting (beauty adorns virtue), speak to her innocence and virtue. Sources and Further Reading Giorgio Vasari, The Life of Leonardo da Vinci, Florentine Painter and Sculptor,  The Lives of the Artists, trans. Julia Conaway Bondanella and Peter Bondanella (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), 293.Walker, John. Ginevra de Benci  by Leonardo da Vinci.  Report Studies in the History of Art.  Washington: National Gallery of Art, 1969: 1-22.

An Reflective Personal Reflection With Analysis And Judgement

2. Personal Development The second part of the essay is to provide an introspective personal reflection with analysis and judgement, on how I have developed, when I worked through the module of Business Game, with the demonstration of past, present and future learning and development needs. 2.1 What have I learned? Firstly, the simulation allows me to be able to gain some business knowledge which as known as commercial awareness. CESIM Global Challenge provides a simulated environment of operating a business. As the time goes by, market conditions are changeable in different periods as demand, costs and finance keep on changing. According to what I have learnt in the module of BS2232 Business Policy, when facing fierce competition with a†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, our â€Å"primary identity should be of a member of the team instead of as an individual so as to be committed to the collective output† (Tajfel and Turner, 1986), which is to achieve the most total shareholder return. Last but not least, when facing challenges and making decisions in the simulation, my problem-solving ability has been developed, I endeavour to work out the most reasonable decisions which would possibly give a highest cumulative shareholder return, particularly when the unfavourable market conditions occur. 2.2 How can it be applied to personal or professional goals? Personally, I have finally secured a study placement of being an exchange student in Drexel University of the USA. After completion of the undergraduate degree, my ambition is to be a director of a multinational company by making use of the techniques and knowledge I have learnt in university. With all the work experiences I would have gained for a few years, I would like to undertake an MBA degree in university. For the skills and abilities that I have developed through Business Game including commercial awareness, team-working and problem-solving skills, are all applicable to my personal and professional goals. For instance, team-working is undoubtedly applicable to future study and career life, since it is a key skill needed by a wide range of organisations. It isShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Reflection And How It Aids The Professional Development Of A Newly Graduated Nurse1622 Words   |  7 Pagesis common in the field of nursing to utilise reflection to critically analyse certain experiences and reflect on how they made them feel and react. This involves looking deeper into a particular experience and deciding what was good, what was bad and what would be a better course of action if they were to re encounter it in the future. However there may be potential barriers when trying to make judgements about a students inner most thoughts and personal experiences. The purpose of this ess ay is toRead MoreReflective Models Used by Nurses Essay891 Words   |  4 PagesReflective Practice Introduction: Reflection its self is looking into personal thoughts and actions. For nurses this would mean looking at how they performed a particular task taking into consideration their interaction with their colleagues and other members of staff, patients and in some cases relatives This then enables the nurse to assess their actions and thought processes. There are various frameworks of reflection that one could choose and the examples used for this workRead More1. Introduction. Reflective Practice Is A Key Part Of Working1646 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction Reflective practice is a key part of working as a health care professional, including speech and language therapists (SLT), and will be used throughout a practitioner’s career as part of their continuing professional development. It is the practice of experiencing situations and then reflecting on them, which is how clinicians may enhance their knowledge and skills and, thus, maintain their competence throughout their career as a practicing therapist (RCSLT, 2003). It is through thisRead MoreUsing Nursing And Midwifery Board Of Australia1318 Words   |  6 Pages(National Midwifery Board of Australia, 2006), this essay will provide a thorough discussion and critical analysis of the reflective process, known as Gibbs reflective cycle (Bulman Shutz, 2008) and how this reflective process in conjunction with competency standard thirteen, will be utilised to enable the author to fulfil their professional and personal goals in becoming a midwife. Personal limitations and strengths of the author as a first year Bachelor of nursing science-Bachelor of midwiferyRead MoreThe Importance Of Nursing Patients With Multi Resistant Organisms ( Mros )1269 Words   |  6 Pagesprecautions using a model of reflection. Reflection is the process in which learners engage to recapture, notice and re-evaluate their experience, to work with their experience and to turn it into learning (Boud et al, 1993). The skill of reflection is essential to the development of clinical knowledge and ability which allows the learner to consider personal and professional skills and identify needs for ongoing development (Levett-Jones et al, 2011). This reflection will allow me to analyse theRead MoreUsing Gibbs Reflective Cycle In Coursework1639 Words   |  7 PagesUsing Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle (or Gibbs’ Reflective Model) Gibbs’ reflective cycle is a theoretical model often used by students as a framework in coursework assignments that require reflective writing. The model was created by Professor Graham Gibbs and appeared in Learning by Doing (1988). It looks like this: Action plan If it arose again what would you do? Descripiton What happened? Conclusion What else could you have done? Feelings What were you thinking and feelingRead MoreSimulation Of Nursing Education : A Literature Review1712 Words   |  7 Pageswork endlessly to push students to succeed and grow. They teach them to be better readers, writers, mathematicians, scientist, historians and artists. Teachers are constantly evaluating what they can do to help their students learn and to achieve personal goals, life goals, and become productive members of society. However, not all learners have the same learning style and not all teachers have the same teaching methods. Learning styles are the result of a learners preferred ways of learning andRead MoreQuestions On Personal Morals And Ethics956 Words   |  4 PagesSticking to Personal Morals in Business In today’s business world, the issue of personal morals and ethics has been a much researched and debated topic. This is particularly true in light of the many financial scandals of the past few years. Therefore, one must decide, when faced with a moral decision, if she will remain true to her engrained morals or waver to reap special benefits in the long run. Personally, adhering to established morals and ethics is the basis of my entire being and professionalRead MoreThe Value Of Reasoning And Intuition1154 Words   |  5 Pagesvaluable to evaluate this relationship, it is essential to wrap our minds around the functions of morals and reasoning. Morals refer to ones own principles of right or wrong. Moral feeling is a personal internal response. There is a difference between feeling and reasoning. When reasoning, we use our reflective capabilities to understand and think in abstract terms. This process involves consideration of information we have yet to consider, to thin k outside our de facto and scripted responses to feelingRead MoreReflection: Education and Reflective Practice Essay1868 Words   |  8 Pagesto give a reflective account on group presentation and the peer assessment process as well as the development of a personal action plan. It would involve using ‘The What? Model of Structured Reflection’ (Driscoll 2007) to analyse the experience of using a group designed assessment tool to assess my peers and the experience of being peer assessed. Additionally, experience of completing a group presentation would be reflected upon. A personal action plan which identifies areas for personal development

The Main Purpose of This Assignment

Question: Explain The main purpose of this assignment. Answer: The main purpose of this assignment is to focus on business from global perspective. It mainly examines on international cases on business organization and explained with proper justification for the same. It takes cases outside the home country. In this particular assignment, home country is Australia and organization is taken from other countries for proper analysis. It explains ethical and corporate responsibility of ASDA Company dealing in retail sector. It further defines country market analysis on ALDI supermarket discount chain with proper justification. Addition to that, international business of Marks Spencer is explained. It clearly demonstrates on Nike strategies in entering into foreign markets. Sainsbury research and development conducts market research for understanding needs and expectations of consumers. Wal-Mart Company logistics is explained in terms of production and outsourcing. At the end of the study, Tesco emerges in international global markets and encourages human resource management for the same. Ethical and Corporate Responsibility In this particular segment, ASDA Company is taken into study. ASDA suppliers deal in direct as well as domestic markets. It sources manufactured products in setting minimum set of international acceptable conditions for employment standard (Winer Dhar, 2011). ASDA focus on maintaining safe and hygiene work environment for its employees. Suppliers of ASDA should comply with policies as well as operating high standards of business practice. It should be in accordance with national laws and regulations in and around supplier country. It commits maintaining from strict application of policies as well as designed in ethical, achievable and universal norms. Suppliers should meet terms in case related to national law. Reasonable time frames as well as existence of constraints take suppliers into account (Pasquier Villeneuve, 2012). Country Market Analysis In this particular segment, ALDI Supermarket is taken under study. It is a German-based supermarket chain. This particular retail organization aims at exporting the opportunities for smaller firms in benefiting from international trade. It indulges in great promise for exporting of large revenue as well as profit opportunities in foreign markets. It enables in achieving economies of scale as well as lowering of unit costs (Clow Baack, 2012). ALDI faces issues with poor market analysis that makes it difficult in competing with other retail chain in and around the world. It lacks effective distribution program as well as securing financing in an overall manner (Paliwoda, Andrews Chen, 2012). Strategy of International Business Marks Spencer is one of the leading UK retailers in 1330 stores in and around world. It commits for delivering sustainable values for shareholders. It provides high quality clothing and home products on an international basis. This particular business organization has unique qualities in outperforming with competitors (Frynas Mellahi, 2011). It is a brand house with single brand name St.Michael. It helps in creation of perceptions that appeals in particular market and development of global business at the same time. It ensures good quality, value as well as services in and around the globe. Experience enhances qualities that are universally transportable in other markets. It is adapted as per the local needs as well as requirements in an overall manner. It ensures superior performance depending upon the organization ability in deployment of developing competencies (Peter Donnelly, 2011). It relies upon successful strategies in understanding the ability of organization in undertaki ng demanding activities at high level. Mark Spencer is a fast developed technological base as well as well-developed organizational infrastructure. It deals with cost-efficient with large-scale logistical activities in the most appropriate way. European markets providing company with utmost opportunities in market development as well as gaining economies of scale as increased buying power (Murphy Murphy, 2012). Entering foreign markets Nike establishes markets in America and desires in expanding in foreign markets in the year 1972. It selects in expanding in Australia in the year 1974. The main motive is to increase revenue as well as establish consumer base in other countries. Nike focuses on athletic brand as well as expanding into sport industries. Nike needs to be careful in entering into new markets as it poses risks in financing and asset acquisition for the same (GarciÃÅ' a-Merino Santos-AÃÅ' larez, 2011). It requires in taking into consideration like environment, weather as well as culture in establishing ways in new markets. Nike makes large investments in countries like India, China and Brazil. Nike focuses on creation of new styles for youth as well as fitness crazed consumer. International Marketing and Research and Development Sainsbury is UK-based retail industry. On analysis, it is noticed that Sainsbury Plc has conducted market research for expanding globally in next overseas market, India. Sainsbury is the third biggest grocery in terms of market shares (Hunger Wheelen, 2011). It aims at intensifying efforts in expansion in and outside home market. Sainsbury looks for acquisitions and joint venture with China. International production, outsourcing and logistics In this particular segment, Wal-Mart is taken under study as an international source in understanding their production, outsourcing and logistics attributes (Lee Carter, 2012). Wal-Mart is US-based Company that deals in retail sector and occupies topmost position in the market. Wal-Mart applies for Remix strategy in alignment with supply chain relationships. It revolves around shipper assertion that encourages vendors for coordinating LTI shipping schedules (Kotabe Helsen 2011). It involves as logistics providers as well as carriers in arriving as full truckloads in and at stores for the same. Inventory management ensures responsibility of vendors and logistics providers in the near future. It supports ways for complex loading of trucks and other transport modes. Most of the costs are borne by the vendor as well as third-party provider. International Human Resource Management In this particular section, Tesco is taken under study that gives overview on its international human resource management. Tesco is a multinational UK-based Company dealing in retailing sector. Tesco pays more attention in training as well as developing programs. This program is for all the employees working at Tesco multinational corporations. The management of Tesco formulates in effective employee training programs for employees (Kotler Keller, 2012). In accordance with Recruitment and Selection strategy of Tesco, training programs results in effective human resource development as well as good working environment for the same. HR strategy considers as an issue prevailing in large organization. Tesco is one of the good examples in this global context. There are altogether 470000 employees in and around the world. Tesco believes in developing overall culture of an organization. HR managers require using various HR strategies in supporting with same goals. Tesco aims at motivating employees for working more and becoming productive at the same time. It ensures retention of existing employees as well as customer because it is cost effective. Acquisition of new customers will cost high for the same. Recruitment of new employees requires training session and incurs cost also (Lancaster Massingham, 2011). Research on the quality of report writing expected from employers today Report should be written in understandable form that wills include rules as well as regulations for the employers working in an organization. Working for organization that aims at employee retention policies as well as keeping healthy work environment at the same time. Securing suitable job with recognized multinational organization requires in candidates. Candidates should have the zeal of confidence as well as confidence in working in challenging workplace. Desired candidates should make ways in becoming true assets to the organization. Employers are expected to understand employee grievances as well as help them as far as possible. Employers should motivate employees working in an organization and design them ways in coordinating in the upcoming years. Employers and employees should work together towards attainment of goals as well as objectives at the same time. It should undertake transparent communication whereby employers and employees are free to communication with each other for smooth functioning of business organization. Reference List Clow, K. Baack, D. (2012).Cases in marketing management. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE. Frynas, J. Mellahi, K. (2011).Global strategic management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. GarciÃÅ' a-Merino, T. Santos-AÃÅ' larez, V. (2011).Managerial cognition and strategic management. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Hunger, J. Wheelen, T. (2011).Essentials of strategic management. Boston: Prentice Hall. Kotabe, M. Helsen, K. (2011).Global marketing management. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Kotler, P. Keller, K. (2012).Marketing management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Lancaster, G. Massingham, L. (2011).Essentials of marketing management. London: Routledge. Lee, K. Carter, S. (2012).Global marketing management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Murphy, P. Murphy, A. (2012).Strategic management for tourism communities. Clevedon: Channel View Publications. Paliwoda, S., Andrews, T., Chen, J. (2012).Marketing management in Asia. New York: Routledge. Pasquier, M. Villeneuve, J. (2012).Marketing management and communications in the public sector. New York: Routledge. Peter, J. Donnelly, J. (2011).A preface to marketing management. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Winer, R. Dhar, R. (2011).Marketing management. Boston: Prentice Hall.

Research Paper on HIV and Children Essay Example

Research Paper on HIV and Children Essay This paper will focus on the problems connected with children and HIV. HIV and AIDS are severe illnesses of the last and this century, and the worst fact is that children also suffer from them. It is commonly considered that AIDS is a kind of disease that can kill adult people. But there is a great number of problems connected with children with AIDS or orphans, whose parents died because of this terrible disease and so on. As this virus usually is transmitted through sexual relations or drugs usage rarely is it associated with children affection. But in reality, millions of children all over the world live with HIV. We will stop now a little at the term â€Å"HIV positive,† it means that a person was infected with HIV and there are antibodies or markers for HIV in his blood, in other words, hi is â€Å"positive† for antidotes. The main aim of the immune system in the body of a person is to fight with bacteria and viruses and the immune system produces antibodies. But although the immune system can produce the antibodies for HIV it is not enough to kill the virus. HIV means Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This virus is the cause of AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). The statistical research shows that about 3.1 million people die every year in the whole world and among them about half a million are children below 15. By the end of 2005, about 2.3 million children were living with HIV, taking into consideration that exact figures might be higher at some less-developed countries as they do not have enough facilities to provide the calculation of exact numbers. To accept the death is rather difficult for an adult person and children this is a tragedy as most of them are not even aware of the cause of their coming death. According to international laws, a child is a person under 18 years old. Most of AIDS organizations consider children to be below the age of 15. Thus we can not rely upon the facts concerning the number of ill children as sometimes the children from 15 to 18 are not counted. By the year 2005, about 700 000 children were infected with HIV, and about 80 % of them were from sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, the Caribbean. Most of the children were infected by their mothers during pregnancy or breastfeeding. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on HIV and Children specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on HIV and Children specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on HIV and Children specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to the researchers, more than a quarter of children who are born with HIV live no longer than a year, about 60 % die before they become two years old. In some countries where the incomes of people are higher, the number of transmissions of HIV from mothers to children is lower as there is usually a great range of medications and they allow children live till adulthood. It is clear that with enough funding and staff and resources the high rates of deaths of children infected with HIV in lower-developed countries could be avoided. There are several ways how children are affected by HIV. First of all, there are a lot of children who are HIV+ themselves. Other children have to live with their family members who are HIV +, children are to take care of their parents who have AIDS; children become orphans when they lose one of both parents who had AIDS; children have to become the heads of the families as sometimes they also have to care for their younger sisters and brothers; very often children have to work and earn money in order to pay for expensive medications. In the community they live in, children also suffer from discriminations, lose their close people due to AIDS, as doctors and nurses die as well there appears the lack of medical care for children who need it. One of the main ways the child gets infected is – mother-to-child transmission. It is not always so that children get infected in the womb during their mothers are pregnant, but such cases are not rare. Even if they were not infected in the womb, they contact the fluids of their mother during the birth process and can become infected this way as well. Later on when a mother starts breastfeeding appears another danger of infection. There are some cases when although the mother is not infected, her child is, this happens in the medical setting where children contact with infected blood products or not sterilized needles or some other medical equipment. In some wealthy countries the doctors do their best to avoid such situations, but in some less-developed countries, the risk is rather high. The bright example could be the situation in Romania. Between the years 1987 and 1991, about 10 000 babies and small children were infected after contaminated injections and unscreened blood transfusions. It was already said that such ways of infection as drug usage and sexual activity are more associated with adults, but in fact, they are the same risk situations for children who come closer to the age of 15-16. The factual age of children who start their sexual life does not correspond with the age when it is considered to be appropriate. Young people are also inclined to using drugs. In undeveloped and as well in developed countries, not all children receive enough sexual education. The reasons are different, either moral or religious beliefs, cultural reasons or lack of resources. Some children start their sexual life or start taking drugs not being even informed about the risk they are taking. They often do not know about the ways of protecting themselves from infection and other unpleasant consequences. There are some situations when children are raped or become victims of sexual abuse, and as a result, are infected, in case the abuser was HIV+. Children suffer in this case not only from psychological trauma but the illness as well. Not in all countries enough attention is paid to this issue, on the contrary in South Africa, for example, exists a myth that a virgin can cure a man with HIV – as a result, men with HIV+ rape children, sometimes really young ones. In some developing countries, where children have to look for food and protection, sex for money brings HIV infection to them. Children have almost the same illnesses like mumps, measles, chickenpox, but for children who are not HIV+ these diseases are not of great risk, children HIV+ usually have to suffer longer from these illnesses and hardly react on the usual treatment means. As children have a really low level of their immune system is it not possible to give them the general vaccines, generally recommended for children. In children, HIV progresses into AIDS much sooner as in adults if children are without necessary treatment. They are at a high risk of dying during their first years. Besides, it is more important for children to have a better trained medical staff than it is for adult people. But in some countries like Africa for example, children are to be happy if they have any medical care. It is not allowed to use the less quantity of the same drugs that are used for adults, but this is the only way out for some less-developed countries. The doctors have just to break the pills into smaller pieces never knowing for sure that the child got the necessary dose of the medicine. In some occasions, children are given the same doses of the drugs as adults. As it was already mentioned, it is quite possible to avoid the transmission of HIV from mother to a child in case of appropriate intervention. The main methods are as follows: helping women to prevent HIV infection helping women to prevent pregnancy in case they are HIV+ special test procedures for women to identify whether they are HIV+ Women with HIV+ are at a greater risk of passing the virus to their children if their viral load is high. There are ways of lowering her viral load through special good treatment. Thus the chances for her baby not to be infected are higher. If it is not possible to give the mother the necessary treatment she and her child are offered a dose of nevirapine, before or after birth.This is the worst treatment option, but in some areas, this is the only one. An HIV+ pregnant woman might choose a cesarean section birth – surgical interference. The negative moment about this choice is the part of risk as well as in any other surgical procedure. If a baby is born and not infected from his HIV+ mother, it is possible to use artificial milk to avoid infection during breastfeeding. All these methods were for preventing the infection of newborn children, but all children need our attention. Even taking into account all legal means to keep children from using drugs or becoming sexually active too early, it is clear that it is not possible to provide 100% control and there always will be children who will break this laws and rules. At any rate children and youngsters should receive appropriate sexual health and HIV/AIDS education for them to make a more conscious choice about starting to get sex experience or drugs usage. Children should be taught how to avoid all possible dangers and risks connected with drugs; they should know the ways of protecting themselves and should be made aware of the places or special centers where they can get the support of help in case they need it, without judging them. There is a great number of treatment procedures that are to be used for children who are HIV+ or were born from HIV+ mothers. There is a common way of testing to check the antibodies of the virus. Every baby born from HIV+ mother is supposed to have them in his body. Then the test gives the positive result even if the baby is not infected. The results of such test are useless for the first 18 months of baby’s life. If the more complicated medical equipment is available another test could be done – viral load test. It also identifies HIV in a baby. Concerning the treatment procedures of children, it is a necessity to mention that the first part of treatment is monitoring the children to look after their health. The viral load tests and CD4 cell-counts cannot provide exact results for children as their immune system is not enough developed. According to doctors children are to receive fewer drugs during their treatment course. Children with HIV+ are at a risk of opportunistic infections – these are the infections that cause death. The typical example of such infection is PCP (this is a type of pneumonia), usually is met by very young children. It often happens so that a child who is HIV+ has another family member who is infected and thus this child could suffer from financial hardships as well. The emotional suffering in such families comes after losing a parent or close relative who had AIDS. If the child is HIV + or just has HIV, he needs a great portion of emotional support and care from the community. Children with HIV or AIDS very often experience discrimination in the community; they have to take care of their families, often have to leave school, and earn money for the family. Some children are left to their relatives, uncles or grandparents in cases of death of both parents, but sometimes they stay utterly alone and even have to take care of their younger sisters and brothers, such families are called – child-headed households, such children, are vulnerable to exploitation and HIV infection as well. Some people do their best to help such children either with food or clothes. Some health problems can be the results of HIV: HIV encephalopathy – HIV crosses the brain. Usually, the parts of the brain responsible for child’s talking and moving are affected. Such children have problems with a stiffness of the arms or legs, have problems with coordination. Children can not learn new words or experiences difficulties in talking process. The normal speed of development is not possible anymore, children sometimes even lose skills they have already gained before. Recurrent bacterial infections like ear infections, blood infections, meningitis are quite common. Children who do not have HIV are also vulnerable to such infections, but if the child has these infections for many times, this is the bad sign that the immune system of a child is ruined. Problems with gaining weight or not growing are also common for children with HIV. Children lose appetite because of drug treatment often. Diarrhea and other gastrointestinal complications are also the results of HIV. It is natural that parents of infected children are worried about infecting others. They should be informed that people do not catch this virus just living in the same house or using the same school or playground. Pets and insects do not pass the virus either. The usual hygiene means are to be used with children with HIV; the only extra care should be taken about blood. It is necessary to put on gloves when dealing blood. In case the child was cut somewhere a bandage should be put for 24 hours. If some splashes of blood got on somebody’s face or skin, it is necessary to wash them away as soon as possible. The towel which was used while washing should be put into a plastic bag and thrown away. Dishes and other utensils can be washed the usual way since the virus is not transmitted this way. Parents of children with HIV should also pay attention to giving children their medicines. Other important questions that parents of children with HIV face are the question whom to tell about the virus in the family. Such decisions are very private and should be taken only by parents themselves; it is only very important to inform health staff working with such children, like nurses and social workers, dentists and other family doctors. Some serious infections can start in the mouth, that’s why it is important to make the regular visits to the dentist. Parents should also remember that a child infected by this virus suffers not only physically but emotionally as well, because of intimidation by doctors, because of feeling lonely if the child is taken to hospital from his family, if one of the parents dies because of AIDS, because of possible side effects of medicines. Although too young, children might experience the fear of disability or even death. In such cases, parents need the help of professionals, doctors, social workers, sometimes even the pieces of advice from other parents whose children are infected. Overall, AIDS and HIV are tremendous and global problems of people all over the world. Millions of people suffer from them, and the most terrible fact is that some part of them is children. In this paper, we considered some basic notions connected with this virus, studied the research dealing this problem, learned about the crucial issues that should be taken into consideration by people taking care of children with HIV and so on.

Usage That Provokes Blackboard Moments

Usage That Provokes Blackboard Moments Usage That Provokes Blackboard Moments Usage That Provokes Blackboard Moments By Maeve Maddox The comments on my post about writing dates with or without terminals got me thinking about the way everyone who speaks English reacts strongly to at least one word or point of usage. The different ways that people write a date seem to excite curiosity without making anyone angry, but sometimes words or expressions evoke annoyance so intense as to constitute rabid aversion. (Im thinking of the responses provoked by my article on couldnt care less.) By a blackboard moment I mean a physical reaction similar to what we feel when the teachers hand slips and we hear a fingernail scrape against the board. Here are some of the words, pronunciations, spellings and expressions that produce blackboard moments of various intensities in me. (The preferred form is in parentheses.) standing on line (standing in line) light something on fire (set something on fire) Me and my friends swim. (My friends and I swim.) in hopes of (in the hope of) pronouncing the word pecan with a long e and a short a: /pee can/ (instead of with a schwa and the a of father: /pe kahn/) pronouncing the t in Bill Clinton (he pronounces his name with a glottal stop: /klin?n.) seperate (separate) dalmatien (dalmatian) shepard dog (shepherd dog) cemetary (cemetery) its tail (its tail) In that incidence he was right. (In that instance he was right.) Do you want some sandwich? (Do you want part of a sandwich?) How about you, Gentle Reader? What in the speaking or writing of English produces a blackboard moment for you? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Yiddish Handbook: 40 Words You Should Know75 Idioms and Expressions That Include â€Å"Break†50 Tips on How to Write Good

Reverse and Invert

Reverse and Invert Reverse and Invert Reverse and Invert By Maeve Maddox Watching an episode of The Good Wife the other evening, I was puzzled by a lawyer characters use of the word invert. A witness had been murdered. The lawyer was trying to prove that the witness list had been leaked because the last two letters of the witness’s name were â€Å"inverted† on the official list and were also â€Å"inverted† on a note written by the killer. I completely lost track of the story as I tried to figure out how the letters in what was presumably a typed word could have been turned upside down. Then the camera showed the list and I saw that the last two letters, e-r, had been reversed to r-e. Ah, I thought, reversed! I could turn my attention back to the story. The experience got me thinking about the two words. invert: 1533, from M.Fr. invertir, from L. invertere turn upside down, turn about, from in in, on + vertere to turn reverse: c.1300, from O.Fr. revers reverse, cross, from L. reversus, pp. of revertere turn back In some contexts â€Å"inverted† does mean â€Å"reversed.†For example, an† inverted sentence† is one in which the verb changes its usual place and comes before the subject: Before me lay the ruined sword. An â€Å"inverted syllogism† is one in which the statement â€Å"All A are B† invites the conclusion â€Å"All B are A.† On the other hand, â€Å"inverted commas,† another term for â€Å"quotation marks,† is so termed because opening quotation marks (in some fonts anyway) are upside-down commas. Depending on the typeface, opening and closing quotation marks may be identical in form (called vertical, straight, or typewriter quotation marks), or they may be distinctly left-handed and right-handed (typographic or, colloquially, curly quotation marks). The closing single quotation mark is identical or similar in form to the apostrophe, and similar to the prime symbol. Wikipedia The OED lists 13 definitions with numerous sub-definitions for reverse, including â€Å"invert.† It gives 10 for invert, including â€Å"reverse.† I’m sure that not every viewer boggled at the lawyer’s use of the word inverted in the Good Wife episode, but I doubt that I was the only one who did. It’s probably a good idea to think about possible ambiguity when using these words. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely?Does "Mr" Take a Period?â€Å"Least,† â€Å"Less,† â€Å"More,† and â€Å"Most†

Cloud Computing and Information Systems in Business Article

Cloud Computing and Information Systems in Business - Article Example Here are some of the models of cloud computing: A public cloud is one based on the standard cloud computing model, in which a service provider makes resources, such as applications and storage, available to the general public over the Internet. Public cloud services may be free or offered on a pay-per-usage model. Community cloud shares infrastructure between several organizations from a specific community with common concerns (security, compliance, jurisdiction, etc.), whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally. The costs are spread over fewer users than a public cloud (but more than a private cloud), so only some of the benefits of cloud computing are realized. Hybrid cloud is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together, offering the benefits of multiple deployment models. It can also be defined as multiple cloud systems that are connected in a way that allows programs and data to be moved easily from one deployment system to another. Private cloud is infrastructure operated solely for a single organization, whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally. They have attracted criticism because users "still have to buy, build, and manage them" and thus do not benefit from lower up-front capital costs and less hands-on management, essentially "[lacking] the economic model that makes cloud computing such an intriguing concept" 2. Security concerns. Experts claim that their clouds are 100% secure - but it will not be their head on the block when things go awry. Its often stated that cloud computing security is better than most enterprises. Also, how do you decide which data to handle in the cloud and which to keep to internal systems - once decided keeping it secure could well be a full-time task.

Accounting Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Accounting - Coursework Example However, since it is condemned by the law, any of these administrators who have been proven guilty has had to face the full wrath of the law (Konyama, 2013). In 2013, Mr. Trevor Courtney, the principal of Mascenic High School was charged for misappropriating the federal grant which had been allocated to his school during the 2012/13 calendar year. Although the money was meant to cater for the predetermined foundational and categorical programs, the principal decided to redirect the funds to other uses. By doing this, he was contravening the laws which require that such grants should not be used for any other project rather than the specified ones. Despite his vast wealth of experience in the teaching profession, Mr. Trevor decided to use this money for providing incentives and rewards to the school employees and students. In other words, a total of $3,800 was used to purchase Neuxus 7 tablets, iPods, iPads, visa and prepaid cards for the employees. Besides, he used a lot of money to acquire various school equipments such as flat TV screen, refrigerator, drier, Viking stove top and washer. Moreover, he extravagantly allocated huge sums of money for staff development tours which were organized in different parts of the country. By acting in such a manner, Mr. Trevor was violating the rules governing the use of federal grants in schools. As an administrator, he failed to acknowledge that the law is quite categorical on the way such grants should be spent. In fact, he should have known that it is against the federal spending policies to use school grants to buy incentives and rewards for the school employees. At the same time, he was very wrong for channeling these funds to the purchasing of school facilities and taking teachers to expensive motivational tours. This was a clear sign of the misappropriation of federal grants which had been allocated to his school to help in supporting the smooth flow of education. Therefore,

Good Morning, Life! Essay Example for Free

Good Morning, Life! Essay Good Morning, Miss Dove, is a novel narrating the story of an elementary school teacher, who later in her life will suffer from an illness that would require her to undergo a life-threatening surgery. This bestseller was written by Frances Gray Patton. Life during the time of Miss Dove, was far more simple and serene. She has ruled the classroom for decades enforcing strict rules. Such rules reflect her humor-less, no-nonsense and stern personality. After all, she was more popularly known as â€Å"the terrible Miss Dove. † She epitomizes gentility and wisdom. She leads by example. Reflecting a dramatic event in life, the children she once mentored are now in turn at her service as her doctors and nurses. Events turned nostalgic as she began to see her students again, this time as adults concerned about the health of their second mother. Her students were taught to live abiding by strict rules. She instilled in them that lifes everyday challenges can be approached just by using ones common sense. These are practical rules. When practiced, it would certainly make our lives easier and more worth it. Life is complex in itself. Let us not add to its complexities by making our lives harder than it really is. Life is a learning ground. It is a huge classroom of endless learning. And we must all aim to graduate life with honors. Miss Dove is like any other parent proud of the fruits of her labor. She cared enough to trace the path she wanted her students to take. When payback day begins to dawn, the wind beneath our wings deserves credit. Echoing the voices of all the other pupils of Liberty Hill, let us thank this lady for teaching us lifes valuable lessons, in the manner that seemed like a live movie happening right before our eyes.

Not Just For Kicks: Expressing Difficult Content Using Comics Essay

A common description of comic books comes from their appearance in cartoons and comic strips, where a teacher catches a child reading a comic book tucked between the pages of their schoolwork. Prevailing attitudes formed off of this kind of perception render the idea of the comic form as a diversion, lacking serious content, and perhaps immature. However, the comic form uses many techniques to explore subject matter that is difficult to deal with in traditional educational ways. This paper will look to examine how immersion and symbolism within the comic form can be an effective tool to reproduce these otherwise difficult situations, concepts, and ideas by using examples of texts from our class that make excellent use of these techniques, in particular Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind, The Photographer, and Bound by Law. The graphic novel is grounded in stereotypes that belie their true expressive power, and the deconstruction of those stereotypes is the first step in accessing concepts that are misconstrued and difficult. As Scott McCloud states in Understanding Comics "Sure, I realized that comic books were usually crude, poorly drawn...but they don't have to be" (McCloud 3), something we have witnessed through the sophistication of our texts this semester. By investigating how the comic form interacts with the reader, we can find many benefits that often position comics as an optimal vehicle for delivering informative and educational content where other mediums only barely suffice. However, separating the medium of comics from the content widely associated with them is a difficult task, and one that can only be changed by effective content delivered with effective comic technique. The main benefits of the graphic novel and... ...red towards delinquent children. While difficult material can be expressed in other methods than comics, these examples prove that with proper use of techniques and an awareness of the content itself, comics can provide a much deeper and enriching experience than just text or visual representation alone. Works Cited McCloud, Scott. Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art. New York: William Morrow Paperbacks/HarperCollins, 1994. Print. Miyazaki, Hayao. Nausicaa of the Valley of Wind. Volume 1. San Francisco, CA: Viz Communications, Inc., 1995.2nd Ed. 2004. First published by Nibariki/Tokuma Shoten, Japan, 1994. Print. Guibert, Emmanuel, et al. The Photographer: Into War-Torn Afghanistan with Doctors without Borders. New York and London: First Second, 2009. Print. Aoki, Keith, James Boyle, Jennifer Jenkins. Bound by Law. Duke Law School. 2006. Print.

Operating Plan Essay

We will First Operate in major tube metropoliss. get downing with Bangalore. and so Mumbai. Delhi. Chennai. Goa. Pune. Kolkata. Gujarat etc. After Targeting to these metropoliss. we will seek to aim the rural India which is about 70 % of India. How will we advance? We will advance through ADVERTISEMENT in ONLINE FORUM. SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES. Locally celebrated Theaters. Souvenirs given to clients. App Stores. humanoid market apps. PRINT MEDIA which is about read by every other individual normally. like Hindu. Times of India. etc in Bangalore and besides some local trade names etc. What will be our gross revenues publicity activity? Peoples would be able to book a whole new wave for household acquire together. a birthday party with their films. counter tiffin or dinner etc all made available in the coach. with some anterior engagement of minimal 7 yearss. Besides if a school or college wants to demo a educational reappraisal. or a documental to their pupils. the squad may take attention. travel to school and demo assist them with all things they needed with anterior engagement. We will be besides publishing a base on balls which will be a three clip one-year base on balls in which you can see film thrice a month with that base on balls delivering every clip you come. This will be chiefly for our twenty-four hours today clients. The one-year base on balls will besides incorporate vouchers for free Zea mays everta. or some price reduction on repast and besides some other value added services. How Will We Sell? Our chief purpose is to gain net income with making a strong client relationship. We will sell our Tickets through our ain web site. Bookmyshow. com. After some clip in long term we will do our ain apps in Iphone. android market. Ipad etc. The Timings will be pre decided. and a hebdomads timetable will besides be decided. which will demo non merely new films. but sometimes a educational movie. and local linguistic communication movies of the metropolis we operate in. Where will we park? We will park our cinevan in a short distance from our clients place. A soap of 1 kilometer far in any vicinity we decided. We will park someplace where there is ample of infinite for vehicles to come and travel. This will assist in modulating the traffic. We will besides take anterior permissions for all our topographic points. etc How will we acquire our train? We will import in the beginning and so we will seek and improvize our squad and add some interior decorators who can plan our train which will be more broad etc. our current train will suit around 70 people at a clip. How will Caravan be like? Caravan will be a coach which will hold a same experience as if you are sitting In a multiplex. The Acoustics section will be taken attention of and a finest of all will be used at that place.

Developing Cultural Flexibility

Developing Cultural Flexibility Portfolio| December 14 2011 | Contents Page Section| Page Number| Q1 – What is the significance of national identity as a source of individuals’ culture? | 2| Q2 -In what aspects of work and employee relations should international managers be aware of religious sensitivities? | 3-4| Q3 -What are Hofstede’s culture dimensions? What correlations does Hofstede make among groups of countries and how valid are they for you? | 5| Q4 – Why do firms’ internationalise’? What are the implications of doing so for their role as employers and how will it affect your role in the future as an employee? 6-7| Bibliography| 8| Q1 -What is the significance of national identity as a source of individuals’ culture? I begin with a definition of culture – ‘the ideas, customs and social behaviour of a particular society’ (Oxford Dictionaries, 2011). In terms of the question I am looking at how significantly ideas, customs and social behaviour of a nation’s identity affects that of the individual’s culture. It’s important to talk about stereotypes, they effect how people perceive the individual and their culture, also it can affect the individual as they may alter their culture to allow them to stand out from their national stereotype e. . people may stereotype Italians as loud and arrogant but some Italians may change their culture to quiet and well-mannered to make themselves more appealing for jobs abroad. Hofstede wrote that culture is ‘A collective programming of minds’, and to some extent I agree with him, people are proud of where they come from and like to promote their nation through their actions, this can mould their actions to some extent. An example is whilst I have been at university I have lived with a Chinese student, we have both said that we had expectations of each other before we had even talked. He expected me to be obsessed with football and beer, whilst I thought he would be a great cook and clever. This ability to anticipate an individual’s culture because of the national identity can be a great starting point for friendship, but it can have a negative effect. Observational learning plays a huge part in our development through child hood, we watch and repeat what our parents and family do. If we have a problem we deal with it how we see them deal with it, I think that this is how individuals develop their culture, not so much from their national identity. Edgar Schein’s belief is that culture is – â€Å"shared systems of beliefs and values†, that culture is the answers to problems. These answers can be learned as a nation, as part of a family or as an individual. It is how individuals deal with these problems that makes their culture individual to them. Although Schein’s 3 levels of culture can to some extent be related to national identity for example the ‘Values and Beliefs’ and ‘Artefacts and creations’. Individual’s belief can be down to their nation’s beliefs, although I think that would have been more applicable in the past. With the development of the internet and communication methods I think that individuals now have the media to find out and decide their own culture. People are travelling all over the world, picking up bits of other cultures and adding to their own. It was similar when America was discovered, people from all over the world moved there bringing their own culture, although there is an American identity, there are patches of America that retain the culture that their people bought with them all. To conclude I believe that national identity is fairly significant to individual’s culture, more so if the individual moves abroad than if they stay in their country. Q2 -In what aspects of work and employee relations should international managers be aware of religious sensitivities? Religion is important throughout the world, with countries becoming more multicultural different religions are clashing leading to war and strained international relationships. This can happen on a smaller scale within organisations. It is up to managers and employees to be aware of each other’s beliefs and respect each other enough to allow them to have their own beliefs. This can be a minefield for today’s international managers where equality is key to running an effective, productive place to work. Globalisation, development in technology, cheaper transportation and international bonds (e. g. European Union) has led to an increase in multi-religious staff, which if international managers are aware of and can work with, it has the potential to offer a lot to organisations, employees bringing different ideas and dvice to the table because of their different religions and knowledge. A difficult example of managing religious sensitivities is allowing Sikhs to carry their ceremonial knife known as ‘Kirpan’ with them at work. It poses difficult problems, one being that it’s dangerous and could create a lot of tension within an organisation. It is an article of faith for the Sikh bu t does that mean its ok to carry a weapon at work? I found an article on the BBC which was headed ‘Sikhs should be allowed to carry ceremonial knives in schools †¦ can religion ever justify loopholes in the law†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Although this is based on schools, it carries the same principle. Should religion be more important than the law of the country? International managers can experience culture shock on 3 different levels: 1. Emotions – e. g. euphoria to depression 2. Thinking – e. g. from stereotyping to culturally effective thinking 3. Social Skills and Identity – e. g. from national to transnational social skills and an international identity (Source Marx 1999) International managers need to master these 3 levels to achieve global management which Bartholomew and Adler (1996) define as ‘The need for a conceptual shift from a hierarchical perspective of cultural influence, compromise and adaption to one of collaborative cross cultural learning’. This is the aim of all global organisations, although it can be a very slow and hard process it is important and the end result would be a driven team of respected employees. International managers need to be aware of religious holidays, example Jewish festivals, Christmas etc. Should they allow every religious holiday or none? Managers need to prepare for religious holidays e. g. ensure that they have enough stock over the Christmas period when sales increase. A manager cannot be seen to favour certain religions as this could lead to discrimination and problems within the workforce. With globalisation comes an expectancy to work together as a team, not be seen as separate religious groups who are distant to each other. It is partly the manager’s job to ensure this happens but it’s also down to the individuals. We live in a global community, it is now time to start developing a multicultural organisational community. This will be a real test for international managers and organisations. Q3 -What are Hofstede’s culture dimensions? What correlations does Hofstede make among groups of countries and how valid are they for you? Geert Hofstede (b. 1928) carried out a cross cultural study of 116,000 employees of IBM in 40 countries. From his results he distinguished national cultures in terms of five orientations which are: (D. A. BUCHANAN, 2010): 1. Social Orientation – Cultures in the East e. g. India, China have a collective interest where the interests of the group are more important than each individuals gains or praise. Whereas the western counties e. g. UK, America have a more individualistic approach where the individual interests are seen as more important, this idea of personal gain above shared gain. 2. Power Orientation – The idea that some national cultures accept that some people are of a higher authority, they accept the hierarchical idea of power on levels, that some people are born into power whereas other cultures believe that you earn power, and that there should be minimum power difference as it exploits others. 3. Uncertainty Orientation – This describes how cultures react and adapt to change and uncertainty. He found that some cultures prefer structure and consistency and find the uncertain threatening whilst others relish change and new opportunities. 4. Goal Orientation – Also known as masculine and feminine culture orientation. This finds out what motivates people to try and achieve their goals. The masculine orientation is more aggressive assertive behaviour, where material possessions, power and money are motivators. The feminine orientation is the more passive side, where the wellbeing and quality of life of other people is a motivator. 5. Time Orientation – This looks at how different cultures work, is it with short term goals in mind or do they plan for the long term. Those that value long term planning, look forward to future market positions, they ensure that they are ready to meet future commitments. Dedication and hard work are essential. Whereas the short term outlook look for short term profits and value past traditions. Hofstede’s has been criticised over his work, he conducted his survey for IBM because they were concerned with declining morale, it wasn’t designed to distinguish ifferent ‘national cultures’. The use of a survey is also criticised, ‘Many researchers allude a survey is not an appropriate instrument for accurately determining and measuring cultural disparity. ’ (M. L. JONES, 2007) Another criticism is that Hofstede’s study makes the assumption that the population is a homogenous whole, whereas there are always ethnic units and subdivisions wi thin society. It seems to ignore the fact that communities can have very different cultures to the one that is seen as the national culture. It would be impossible to accurately represent all different cultures per nation. Hofstede’s is more of an overview of the national culture and should not be used to stereotype the whole population. Q4 – Why do firms’ internationalise’? What are the implications of doing so for their role as employers and how will it affect your role in the future as an employee? More firms are beginning to ‘internationalise’ and try their hand at the global market, with the goal of making a profit and increasing it year after year. This requires businesses to adapt to the changing times. It has and still is becoming much easier to internationalise, with the development of the internet, faster and cheaper transport overseas, vast improvements in infrastructure and if you are part of a trading power e. g. The European Union, the international trading laws are much more flexible than they used to be. More Benefits for firms to internationalise Location – Find a more attractive market overseas where they wish to operate. May find a central location for main distribution centre to save on delivery costs. Low cost and labour charges – Companies want to produce goods quickly and cheaply so that they can get the biggest return on them e. g. Nike has manufactured its products in sweatshops because people are so desperate for work that they can pay them very little. The BBC’s panorama found as recently as in the year 2000, 12 year old girls in Cambodia were working 16 hours a day for little pay because they were so poor. This can lead to implications for firms that do this, bad publicity, drop in sales and a tarnished global image. Less competition – Large organisations are always on the lookout for gaps in the market that they can exploit, this includes overseas markets. If they feel that they offer something new or of a better quality than anything in that country they will try to set up there to capitalise. The image below clearly shows the three stages of internationalisation, with many firms hoping to remain in stage 2 with the positive factors although on either side there are potential implications. Source: Contractor et al. 2003, p. 27 A good example of internationalisation gone wrong is when Vale from Brazil bought out Inco in Canada. It seemed a straight forward move, Inco and Vale had both been successful in their own markets. It turned out to be a bad combination because they didn’t understand or accept each other’s different culture on how they handled business and each other. It ended up costing Vale a lot of money and tarnished their image and reputation. I think that as a future employee internationalisation will affect me greatly, I chose this course because I think that understanding and respecting other cultures is very important, before any business is done it is important to learn what makes people tick, then you know how to motivate them to a certain extent. In my opinion it can be hugely overlooked, if it wasn’t I think that many disagreements could be averted. Dealing with people is a huge part of business whether its potential investors or a fellow employee, if you understand peoples cultures very often you can learn from them, leading to very clever organisational cultures that can motivate and inspire the majority of the workforce leading to a smoother internationalisation process. Bibliography D. A. BUCHANAN, A. A. (2010). Organizational Behaviour. Essex: Pearson Education Ltd 2010. Kenyon, P. (2000, October 15). Gap and Nike: No Sweat? Retrieved December 13, 2011, from BBC: http://news. bc. co. uk/1/hi/programmes/panorama/970385. stm Loerrach. (2003). The impact of internatioalization on organizational culture a comparative study of international US and German companies, 7-48. M. L. JONES. (2007). Hofstede – Culturally Questionable, 7-8. RICKY W, P. M. (2007). International Business 5th Edition. GRIFFIN. Roache, R. ( 2010, February 9). Should religion be an excuse for carrying daggers? Retrieved December 13, 2011, from BBC: http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/magazine/8506074. stm Unknown. (2011, December 13). Retrieved December 13, 2011, from Oxford Dictionaries: http://oxforddictionaries. com/definition/culture

Free Essays on By Your Side

Free Essays on By Your Side BY YOUR SIDE It hurts to know you’re hurting Because you’re so special in my heart The pain that you are feeling Is tearing me apart But know that love has a way Of easing all that’s wrong Together we can make it If we hold on and just be strong Know that you’re not alone In all your adversity For by your side through and through Is where I’ll always be...

Battle of Isandlwana - Anglo-Zulu War

Battle of Isandlwana - Anglo-Zulu War Battle of Isandlwana - Conflict The Battle of Isandlwana was part of the 1879 Anglo-Zulu War in South Africa. Date The British were defeated on January 22, 1879. Armies Commanders British Lieutenant Colonel Henry PulleineLieutenant Colonel Anthony William Durnford1,400 British, 2,500 African infantry Zulu Ntshingwayo kaMAholeMavumengwana kaMdlela Ntuliapprox. 12,000 infantry Background In December 1878, following the death of several British citizens at the hands of the Zulus, authorities in the South African province of Natal issued an ultimatum to the Zulu king Cetshwayo demanding that the perpetrators be turned over for trial. This request was refused and the British began preparations to cross the Tugela River and invade Zululand. Led by Lord Chelmsford, British forces advanced in three columns with one moving along the coast, another from the north and west, and the Centre Column advancing through Rourkes Drift towards Cetshwayos base at Ulundi. To counter this invasion, Cetshwayo mustered a massive army of 24,000 warriors. Armed with spears and old muskets, the army was divided in two with one section sent to intercept the British on the coast and the other to defeat the Centre Column. Moving slowly, Centre Column reached Isandlwana Hill on January 20, 1879. Making camp in the shadow of the rocky promontory, Chelmsford sent out patrols to locate the Zulus. The following day, a mounted force under Major Charles Dartnell encountered a strong Zulu force. Fighting through the night, Dartnell was not able to break off contact until early on the 22nd. The British Move After hearing from Dartnell, Chelmsford resolved to move against the Zulus in force. At dawn, Chelmsford led 2,500 men and 4 guns out from Isandlwana to track down the Zulu army. Though badly outnumbered, he was confident that British firepower would adequately compensate for his lack of men. To guard the camp at Isandlwana, Chelmsford left 1,300 men, centered on the 1st Battalion of the 24th Foot, under Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Henry Pulleine. In addition, he ordered Lieutenant Colonel Anthony Durnford, with his five troops of native cavalry and a rocket battery, to join Pulleine. On the morning of the 22nd, Chelmsford began vainly searching for the Zulus, unaware that they had slipped around his force and were moving on Isandlwana. Around 10:00 Durnford and his men arrived at the camp. After receiving reports of Zulus to the east, he departed with his command to investigate. At approximately 11:00, a patrol led by Lieutenant Charles Raw discovered the main body of the Zulu army in a small valley. Spotted by the Zulus, Raws men began a fighting retreat back to Isandlwana. Warned of the Zulus approach by Durnford, Pulleine began forming his men for battle. The British Destroyed An administrator, Pulleine had little experience in the field and rather than ordering his men to form a tight defensive perimeter with Isandlwana protecting their rear he ordered them into a standard firing line. Returning to the camp, Durnfords men took a position on the right of the British line. As they approached the British, the Zulu attack formed into the traditional horns and chest of the buffalo. This formation allowed the chest to hold the enemy while the horns worked around the flanks. As the battle opened, Pulleines men were able to beat off the Zulu attack with disciplined rifle fire. On the right, Durnfords men began to run low on ammunition and withdrew to the camp leaving the British flank vulnerable. This coupled with orders from Pulleine to fall back towards the camp led to a collapse of the British line. Attacking from the flanks the Zulus were able to get between the British and the campsite. Overrun, British resistance was reduced to a series of desperate last stands as the 1st Battalion and Durnfords command were effectively wiped out. Aftermath The Battle of Isandlwana proved to be the worst defeat ever suffered by British forces against native opposition. All told, the battle cost the British 858 killed as well as 471 of their African troops for a total of 1,329 dead. Casualties among the African forces tended to be lower as they filtered away from the battle during its early stages. Only 55 British soldiers managed to escape the battlefield. On the Zulu side, casualties were approximately 3,000 killed and 3,000 wounded. Returning to Isandlwana that night, Chelmsford was stunned to find a bloody battlefield. In the wake of the defeat and the heroic defense of Rourkes Drift, Chelmsford set about regrouping British forces in the region. With the full support of London, which wished to see the defeat avenged, Chelmsford went on to defeat the Zulus at the Battle of Ulundi on July 4 and capture Cetshwayo on August 28. Selected Sources British Battles: Battle of IsandlwanaIsandlwana Campaign

Answer the questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Answer the questions - Assignment Example When a huge asteroid will slam on the surface of earth, it will have the equivalent of a thousand nuclear bombs exploding simultaneously killing everything. Then the class help made me understand that the catastrophe will not just end there but in fact will have some geological and weather changes. The explosion will create a plume that will be sent into the atmosphere creating an unbearable winter or ice age that no human being or any living things could survive. It is just geologically impossible to drill through the steel hard rock of the asteroid. In addition to that, it is also physically impossible to work through the conditions of a flying asteroid with very little gravity. The article and the video summarizes the basic principles of how a nuclear reactor works. Nuclear energy is produced through thermal fission in power plants called thermal reactors. The fission is produced when thermal neutrons â€Å"move in thermal equilibrium with the environment they are in" At a temperature of 550F which corresponds to a velocity of about 3700 meters per second†. These neutrons strike a uranium-235 nucleus causing the nucleus to split into 2 unequally sized nuclei called fission fragments that contributes to the heating in the fuel. In sum, uranium rods are inserted or dipped into the water either to make boil to create energy such as in the case of boiling water reactors or to pressurized the heated water such as in the case of pressurized water reactors. There are two common kinds of nuclear reactor that produces energy. First is the boiling water reactors and pressurized water reactors. Boiling water reactors produce energy by boiling water where the steam is used to turn the turbines which creates the energy to become electricity. Pressurized Water  Reactors (also known as PWRs) on the other hand works differently from boiling water reactors as it instead keep the water in pressure so

Manging Financial Resources and Decisions Assignment - 1

Manging Financial Resources and Decisions - Assignment Example (NEEDHAM. 1995) Each source of finance has its cost which is an important factor to consider in choosing the source of finance. Equity capital as a source of finance, through ordinary and preference shares has a cost of share in the company’s holding and dividend payments have to be made to the shareholders. Retained profits as a source of finance potentially involve no cost to the company. Debentures are another important source of finance which has interest payments to be made to the debenture holders. Bank finance and overdraft facility by the banks also involves payment of interest to the banks. On the other hand specific assets can be funded by hire purchase and leasing which will involves rental payments to the lessor. The company can also use its trade debtors for short term source of finance which could be done by factoring. This could involve an amount of payment to the factoring company and in some cases loss of reputation as the factoring company may not treat the debtors well. (D RANSFIELD. 2004) Mr. Singh needs finance to fund the premises and start up his business. He might not require additional money for starting up of this business as he already got a redundancy payment. To finance the premises Mr. Singh can obtain a mortgage loan from any bank and financial institution. This is the most appropriate source of finance for the premises, land and buildings. The lending institution will process the loan and Mr. Singh would get to start his business immediately and can repay the loan over the years as his business gets stronger. (NEEDHAM. 1995) A public listed company has many options to be used as a source of finance. The company could raise  £ 5 million by either equity finance or debt finance. There will be various factors that need to be considered for both the options. For equity financing the company has to see its authorized share capital before issuing new shares. For debt financing

Organizational Structure Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Organizational Structure Paper - Essay Example Starbucks’s reorganization of its structure has come in the trail of its rapid growth. With rapid growth, the firm has encountered more challenges in satisfying its customers and this has increased the concern on how the firm will operate in the future. To deal with these new challenges, the firm, under the leadership of Howard Schultz, has deiced to take a matrix structure. A matrix organizational structure is considered to be the best organizational structure since it helps the organization to better utilize its resources (Galbraith, 2008). In a matrix organizational structure such as found in Starbucks, all resources, especially human resources, are not fixed on one function but are loosely attached so that they can be deployed to be used in any part of the organization when they are needed there (Simms, 2008). Starbucks has employed this structure, to go align with its new needs for human resources. The matrix structure in Starbucks is implemented over the functional structure which forms the chassis of Starbucks’ structure. The Starbucks is in contrast to that of its competitor, MacDonald’s (Torresjan, 2014). MacDonald’s is a fast food restaurant that sells fast food as well as coffee and is also based in the US (Jargon, 2013). The firm uses a hierarchal structure headed at the top by a chief executive officer who oversees the firms (Torresjan, 2014). According to (Macdonlads.com, 2014) the CEO Don Thompson and oversees all of MacDonalds business across the world. However, although the MacDonald’s organizational structure is different from that is Starbucks by taking up a hierarchical structure, it is also similar to the one for Starbucks in that it also takes a functional structure where various functions at certain levels are given to the different people (The Associated Press, 2011). However, the main difference is the

Marital harmony Essay Example for Free

Marital harmony Essay The Taming of the Shrew is a play written by Shakespeare in Elizabethan times to examine many complex ideas, including those of social roles and marital harmony. These two in particular relate to the character of Kate, and the way her circumstances change and the way she reacts creates the main interest of the play. At the beginning of the play, we meet Katherina, also known as Kate, as a fiery, wilful, aggressive and apathetic young woman of the Italian town of Padua. We learn she is known for these undesirable traits, and laughed at by the men and women of Padua alike, and a common target of hurtful ridicule. All the strain of this is merely worsened by the apparent perfection of her sister, Bianca. As much as Katherina is rebellious, shrewish and undesired, Bianca is her opposite and has many suitors. Bianca fits the Renaissance female ideal in her unassuming, graceful, intelligent and mild nature. The light in her father, Baptistas eye, and the hearts desire of so many, Bianca is a source of much jealousy and insecurity for Kate. Katherina is clearly intelligent and independent, and so refuses to play her social role as the maiden daughter. Instead, she would always insult and degrade all men she came across, and fiercely deter all suitors, much to the anguish of her father, determined to have her wed. Kate detests societys expectations of her, like how she should obey her father and show grace and courtesy to all her suitors. However she must also see that she must eventually conform to a role, and given the inflexibility of her current one, the best hope is to get married. The unhappiness and conflict of desires would only exasperate her poor temper, and this can only alienate her further. Petruchio, an eccentric, boastful, astute and quick-witted gentleman from Verona on the quest to wive and thrive in Verona, has set his mind on marriage to Katherina, with only her enormous dowry in mind. He meets with her, and engages in a barrage of insults. Here he proves himself to be Kates intellectual equal, as he quashes every insult laid unto him. She is her usual shrewish self to him, but he resists and tells her he will marry her with or without her consent. Baptista then tells her that Petruchio has claimed he will marry her the next Sunday, and Kate makes no objection, so the wedding goes ahead.

Economics in Asia :: Pacific Asia Economics

Since the mid 1960s, Pacific Asia has had a remarkable rate of economic growth. This growth has been sustainable and faster than all other regions of the world (see fig. 1). This region consists of twenty-three economies but it was just eight who caused most of this amazing growth. The eight were Hong Kong, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, China, (the â€Å"Four Tigers†) Japan and the newly industrialised economies (NIEs) of south-east Asia, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. The eight high performing Asian economies (HPAEs) mentioned here will be the focus of this essay. What caused this success in Pacific Asia? What role did public policies play in engineering this rapid growth? How was the human and physical capital accumulated? Most of the high growth in the HPAEs was achieved by getting the basics right. Large human capital and private domestic investment largely powered the growth. High domestic savings levels meant HPAE investment levels remained high. Agriculture experienced rapid growth and improvement of its productivity. HPAEs population growth rate declined faster than in other parts of the developing world. HPAEs were also helped by their labour force being better-educated and having more effective public administration than other developing regions. Another cause of this success, was the development policy used. The policies were made to create a stable framework for private investment while increasing the integrity of the banking system, raising levels of financial savings. Education policies concentrated on primary and secondary schools to create a labour force with better skills. Policies on agriculture pushed productivity without pushing the rural economy. Government intervention was also essential to foster development. The growth of these HPAEs is highly unusual in the developing world. They are highly diverse in culture, resources and population yet they are banded together with some characteristics. They have all had rapid sustained growth with highly equal income distributions. Strong agriculture, rapid demographic changes and export booms. There are two main views of how the HPAEs were so successful. The first is the neo-classical, which stresses getting the basics right. This was providing a strong legal framework to promote competition (domestic and international), the absence of price distortions (e g price controls) and the investment in people, health and education. The second view is of the revisionist, where the government uses state-led development and intervention to achieve growth.

Of Mice and Men Paper Essay

Dreams can be that one thing that keeps us alive. The hope of that dream becoming real makes us feel like a big stable mountain which cannot break. Will, courage and hard work are all elements which can improve your life, just like the American dream. In John Steinbeck’s short novel, â€Å"Of Mice And Men† published in 1937, he describes how two men is chasing the American dream by believing that they can achieve their goals. In the story we see how two men, George and Lennie, desperately are trying to chase the American dream. We get an introduction of George and Lennie, and we quickly find out that George is the brain and Lennie is the strength. We are also aware of the reason why they left their work in the weed, which is Lennie’s accident by touching a girl’s dress. While they are on the move to a ranch where they want to find work, we also get an introduction to their big dream, a dream of owning their own farm. When they later on find work at a ranch, Lennie accidently kills the boss’s daughter-in-law and George makes an end to Lennie’s miseries by shooting him in the back of the head. George and Lennie make many friends along their journey. And some of them are willing to make sacrifices so they can join George and Lennie’s big dream. Some place in the story many characters including George and Lennie, confess that they have a dream. For instance Curly’s wife, before she dies she says that her biggest desire is to be a movie star. There is also a character like old Candy. He offers all his money and his inheritance to George so he can join their dream. Then we have the character like poor Crook. Crook is the black one on the ranch and his awareness of that fact shines through when he offers George to do the dirty work on the farm, just like doing the dishes. While all these dreams, sacrifices and ideas are being presented they all began to wonder. â€Å"They fell into a silence. They looked at one another, amazed. This thing they had never really believed in was coming true.† (P. 63. L. 13 – 15) This happens because it could be wonderful if the dream came true, but the question is, is the dream better of as a dream? Maybe something that they can believe in, which is so big and astonishing, is better than the tough reality? Then there are all the great expectations. The big dream that gives them hope would be ruined if the reality of the dream turns out to be a catastrophic disappointment. Those are thoughts running through their minds undergoing the silent gap. The choice of language is giving a certain impression about George’s thoughts of their dream. â€Å"I remember about the rabbits, George. The hell with the rabbits. That’s all you can ever remember is them rabbits.† (P.4, 5 l. 32-1) This is the place where we first hear about the dream of theirs. It seems like Lennie is more dedicated to this dream than George is. The fact that George says â€Å"them rabbits† gives the impression of what he really thinks of the dream, that it might be kind of foolish. Rabbits are often mentioned in the novel because they represent Lennie’s dream. This is noticed every time Lennie wants George to tell about their dream. To George, the farm, the eggs, the vegetables etc. are all dreams and happiness, but to Lennie happiness is having access to the rabbits. So Lennie is very eager about the rabbits, but he also has a habit of hurting the animals that he pets. Deep down, he knows that he is hurting them because he sees and hears this enormous, creepy and cruel rabbit, in the end of the story. This hallucination is his own mind speaking to him; his dream will never come true. Rabbits never actually emerge in the novel, but though they fill a great part. This really makes it clear to us, that Lennie’s dream will never come true. The dream falls apart and turns into dust after Lennie is dead, but until then everybody are very excited about it. By looking at the second quote we can conclude that it was Lennie’s dream all along. This is also why the others do not fulfill the dream. They rather want a hope and a dream they can escape into when the reality is cruel. They are aware of possible consequences of fulfilling the dream, but Lennie was not. The dream of having access to rabbits kept Lennie alive all along and nothing could break him. With the help of the hallucination of the enormous rabbit, he realizes that his dream will never come true. After that realization he dies.

Kenya on Education Essay

Many countries are faced with poverty in this lifetime. Some are more deprived than others. Kenya, a third world country is one of the most deprived areas in the world. The contributions to this issue are: poor education, lack of nutritional foods, high unemployment rates, and insufficient medical needs. Kenya has a very poor education system that are has affected so many young children in the Kenya school district. Many of the children in Kenya should are in primary and secondary schools which should are be funded by the government education free program. The misuse of education is preventing so many children from attention school. Many of these children are very fortunate that their parent can afford to send them to a private school to get best a better education. Many parents are arguing that they believe sending their children to a private school would give themn m better opportunities to their education. The pupil in Kenya reported that most of the private school ss are doing as well as they should and the secondary school s are doing much better. than the TAccord to the center of evaluation for global action stated that the primary and secondary education has poor learning environment, shortage of learning materials ,and teachers due to unemployment,. congestion in classrooms has led to the poor performance. The article also argues that Private schools have all that they need, sufficient learning materials, adequate staff, provision of a good learning environment hence the better results for these school children. The{CEGA}also argues that the usually in Kenya, private primary schools perform far way better than government schools schools ,while in the contrary government secondary schools perform better as compared to the private schools. The article also stated that many of the primary and secondary school s that which are funded by the government are lack of insufficient learning materials such as school libraries, text books, chalks, exercise books , and access to computers which is a key facility since the current world is technology oriented. The school children in Kenya are omitted out of their education, because of the government misuses of donations that whiuch was given toward the childrens education school program, so they can have a brighter and better further future in the world that their theiry are living in. The pundits also argue that the government should not favor pupils from government schools, but to provide a better environment to allow the complete favorably with their counterparts from private schools. The (CEGA) argue that the government had not been employing any teachers for a while since the misuse of school funds. The revenue that that was also collected is was either pocketed by a few or used in political campaigns. This is what the children in Kenya is facing when it comes their education, because most of the citizens in Kenya really do not care if they get an education at all. Also Also sSsome of the private colleges and higher learning institutions were declared illegal and offered substandard education. Pundits all argue that education has been commercialized in Kenya due to the number of new institutions coming up in every building and street in the capital city. It asks the question who is going to registered all these schools?